Israel's occupation of the West Bank and Gaza has changed dramatically over the past 40 years. During the early years of the occupation, Israel helped Palestinians plant trees (some 618,000 trees in Gaza in 1968), provided farmers with improved varieties of seeds for crops and provided immunization for cattle and poultry and employment for Palestinian workers in Israel. In contrast, during the first three years of the second Intifada, Israel destroyed more than 10% of Gaza’s agricultural land, uprooted over 226,000 trees, prevented Palestinians from receiving immunizations and barred Palestinian labor from entry into Israel. We talk with Neve Gordon about the origin and nature of what he calls the logic of colonization—in which Israel sought to exploit the resources of the West Bank and Gaza (then, labor, water and land) by managing the lives of the population and normalizing the occupation—to one of separation, in which the exploitation of resources is accompanied by indifference to the lives of the Palestinian population and a sharp increase in Palestinian deaths.